Women's health

  Low birth weight is defined as weight of new born less than 2500gm, regardless of gestational age . Causes: Premature birth - Born early - Before 37 weeks of pregnancy - premature baby has less time in mother's womb (uterus) to grow and gain weight. Much of the baby's weight is gained during the last week of pregnancy. Intrauterine growth retardation -   Baby do not grow well during the pregnancy- due to problem with: Placenta Mother's health Baby's health Baby can be: Full term- B orn  on 37-41 week of pregnancy. These babies may be physically mature but small. Premature-  These babies are both very small and immature. Risk factors for LBW: Infections during pregnancy Not gaining enough weight during pregnancy Previous pregnancy with the low birth weight baby Smoking Alcohol or drug use Age less than 17 or more than 35 Diagnosis of LBW: Mother's weight gain during pregnancy Fundal height  Ultrasound- more accurate Bab

This act was launched in 1994. PCPNDT act is an act of parliament of India enacting to stop Female Foeticide and arrest the declining sex ratio of India . Objectives Ban and punish prenatal sex selection or determination and female foeticide . What is Sex Selection? Sex Selection is an act of identification of sex of the foetus and elimination of the foetus if it is of unwanted sex . Salient Features The act provide Prohibition of sex selection before or after conception. It regulates the use of prenatal diagnostic technique like ultrasound, amniocentesis by allowing them their use only to detect- Genetic abnormalities, Metabolic disorder, Chromosomal abnormalities, Certain congenital malformation, Haemoglobinopathies, Sex linked disorder . No laboratory or center or clinic will conduct any test including ultrasonography for the purpose of determining the sex of the foetus. No person, including the one who is conducting the procedure as per the law , will commu

Female Foeticide is the illegal method of abortion of female Foetus .  The frequency of female Foeticide is increasing day by day. In some areas, sex ratio of female to male had dropped to less than 800:1000 . Aborting female Foetus is primarily due to dowry system . Female family has to pay a large amount of money to the would be husband family for marrying her and along with that has to give some furnitures, electronic items as per the demand of male family. The female family who does not agree to its term and conditions are rejected. Unmarried Girls leaving in the house for long time after attaining puberty where insulted and bad humors about them are spread because of which bal vivah usually takes place. The selective abortion of female Foetus is most common in areas where culture norms value male children over female children for a variety of social and economic reasons. A Son is often preferred as an " Asset " since he can earn and support the family, a D

Teenage pregnancy is also called Adolescent pregnancy. It is the pregnancy before the age of 20 . It occurs due to sexual intercourse after menarch (onset of menstrual cycle) or just before first period. Menarch usually takes place at the age of 12-13. The girls under the age of 15years are not physically and biologically fully developed because of which they are less likely to undergo healthy pregnancy or give birth to a baby. The girls aged 15-19years are highly associated with complications like eclampsia, postpartum infections, preterm birth , low weight baby and anemia . The main reason of teenage pregnancy is socio-economic status of the society, poor education and poverty. Gender discrimination also plays an important role. Due to this girls are not allowed to take their own decisions,less access to family planning and mal nutrition and poor health care is experienced by mother during and after pregnancy. Girls Education and Providing knowledge about Family Planning

Poor Nutrition Chronic Condition Mental Disorder Injury Drug Abuse Violence Unwanted pregnancy

Adolescent is a period in which an individual undergo through physical and psychological changes . He also experiences social expectations and perceptions. Physical growth and development is accompanied by sexual maturation leading to intimate relationship. WHO defines 'adolescent' as an individual of 10-19 years of age, 'youth' as 15-24 years of age and 'young people' as 10-24 years of age. Adolescent individual defers in sex ,stage of development, life circumstances and their socio- economic status. Adolescent life cycle approach helps to prevent about 1,20,000 deaths that occurs every year due to road traffic accident, violence, suicide, HIV, and pregnancy related problems. Boys and Girls are affected by socio-economic status, gender norms and values.